A review of Internet of Things (IoT) using visible light optical camera communication in smart cars

Due to the increasing demand of data for communication, the existing radio frequency (RF) spectrum is getting congested andis unable to meet the data requirements of end users. Therefore, researchers are moving toward visible light communication (VLC), a subset of optical wireless communication (OWC), because VLC has a huge frequency spectrum, does not suffer from electromagnetic radiation, and possess enhance security. An extension of VLC is optical camera communication (OCC), also known as visible light optical camera communication (VL-OCC), which uses cameras as receivers instead of traditional photodiodes for data communication, thus reducing the hardware modifications and implementation cost. The Internet of Things (IoT) is defined as the network of objects connected and communicating with each other through equipped sensors, cameras, actuators, and various technologies. This chapter explores IoT in the context of using camera communication in smart cars, including potential applications and future research opportunities.