Compelling temperature behaviour of carbon-perovskite solar cell for fenestration at various climates

Sustainable building with smart windows is a promising technology. Due to their nanostructured and composite materials, perovskite devices can play a crucial role as tunable transparent or semi-transparent photovoltaics managing the buildings' energy health for harvesting, storage and utilization. Here, the temperature profile of different properties essential for the application of carbon perovskite solar cell (c-PSC) in the BIPV (building-integrated photovoltaics) field is illuminated cautiously to find out its feasibility at various climatic conditions. The results dictate small changes in transparency and efficiency with temperature, which also impacts other BIPV-related parameters. At temperatures 15 to 55°C, the AVT (average visible transmittance) remains at ∼27.5%, with an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ∼10%, whereas AVT slightly increases above 55°C in ambient conditions. Interestingly the PCE values greatly correlate with the AVT. The observed pseudo-thermochromic nature of c-PSC is explained by correlating transmittance with temperature coefficient and efficiency coefficient of transparency. The indispensable parameters like colour rendering index (CRI), correlated colour temperature (CCT), solar factor (SF) are calculated utilizing theoretical models at different temperatures to illuminate the colour comfort of these c-PSCs for BIPV integration. Even after temperature treatment, the CCT values >4800, and CRI values >80 signify the possibility of perovskites in different climates. Finally, glare daylight control is analyzed based on temperature and climate, taking an average over the summer and the winter of different places, which display both the advantages and disadvantages of c-PSCs. All the results from this case study suggest that c-PSC can become an integral part of fenestration at different KÖppen climates with suitable modifications.