Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare daily variation in urinary fluoride excretion (UFE) in children living in naturally fluoridated (FA) and non-fluoridated (NFA) areas in north-east England. Healthy children, aged 4-6 y, living in FA and NFA areas were recruited. Each participant provided a 24 h urine sample collected over four continuous intervals post- breakfast (PB): 0 - 3 h PB (T 1), 3 - 6 h PB (T 2),
6 – 12 h PB (T 3) on day 1, plus nocturnal and first voided urine (T 4) on day 2. Samples were analysed using a fluoride-ion-selective electrode and direct method. Data were descriptively analysed, and possible differences in UFE were explored by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests. Sixty children completed the study: 32 (5.0 ± 0.8 y) receiving NF-water (0.107 ± 0.031 mg F / l) and 28 (5.69 ± 0.76 y) F- water (1.232 ± 0.057 mg F / l). The mean overall daily UFE was statistically significantly (p < 0.05) higher in FA (0.008 ± 0.005 mg / kg BW) compared with NFA (0.004 ± 0.005 mg / kg BW). A wide daily variation in UFE was recorded for both groups ranging from < 0.001 to 0.029 mg / kg BW and < 0.001 to 0.035 mg / kg BW for FA and NFA, respectively. Throughout the collection period, the highest mean
UFE occurred in the nocturnal and first voided urine on day 2 (T 4) in both FA (0.010 ± 0.006 mg / kg BW) and NFA (0.006±0.008 mg/kgBW). However, the lowest mean UFE was recorded at T 2 (0.006 ± 0.004 mg / kg BW) in FA and T 3 (0.002 ± 0.002 mg / kg BW) in NFA. In both areas, the difference between the lowest and highest mean UFE was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In conclusion, fluctuations in UFE rate over 24 h and the higher nocturnal mean UFE highlight the need for collecting multiple urine samples at various time points over a 24 h period, including night-time, for accurate estimation of fluoride exposure through UFE.
6 – 12 h PB (T 3) on day 1, plus nocturnal and first voided urine (T 4) on day 2. Samples were analysed using a fluoride-ion-selective electrode and direct method. Data were descriptively analysed, and possible differences in UFE were explored by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests. Sixty children completed the study: 32 (5.0 ± 0.8 y) receiving NF-water (0.107 ± 0.031 mg F / l) and 28 (5.69 ± 0.76 y) F- water (1.232 ± 0.057 mg F / l). The mean overall daily UFE was statistically significantly (p < 0.05) higher in FA (0.008 ± 0.005 mg / kg BW) compared with NFA (0.004 ± 0.005 mg / kg BW). A wide daily variation in UFE was recorded for both groups ranging from < 0.001 to 0.029 mg / kg BW and < 0.001 to 0.035 mg / kg BW for FA and NFA, respectively. Throughout the collection period, the highest mean
UFE occurred in the nocturnal and first voided urine on day 2 (T 4) in both FA (0.010 ± 0.006 mg / kg BW) and NFA (0.006±0.008 mg/kgBW). However, the lowest mean UFE was recorded at T 2 (0.006 ± 0.004 mg / kg BW) in FA and T 3 (0.002 ± 0.002 mg / kg BW) in NFA. In both areas, the difference between the lowest and highest mean UFE was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In conclusion, fluctuations in UFE rate over 24 h and the higher nocturnal mean UFE highlight the need for collecting multiple urine samples at various time points over a 24 h period, including night-time, for accurate estimation of fluoride exposure through UFE.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 212 |
| Journal | Caries Research |
| Volume | 58 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 27 Jun 2024 |
| Event | 71st Congress ORCA 2024 - Cultural - Conference Center of Heraklion, Crete, Greece Duration: 3 Jul 2024 → 6 Jul 2024 https://www.orca2024.com/ |