Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem

Thomas  Wilke; Torsten  Hauffe; Elena  Jovanovska; Aleksandra  Cvetkoska; Timme  Donders; Klemens  Ekschmitt; Alexander  Francke; Jack H.  Lacey; Zlatko  Levkov; Charles R.  Marshall; Thomas A.  Neubauer; Daniele  Silvestro; Björn  Stelbrink; Hendrik  Vogel; Christian  Albrecht; Jens Holtvoeth; Sebastian  Krastel; Niklas  Leicher; Melanie J.  Leng; Katja  Lindhorst; Alessia  Masi; Nadja  Ognjanova-Rumenova; Konstantinos  Panagiotopoulos; Jane M.  Reed; Laura  Sadori; Slavica  Tofilovska; Bert Van  Bocxlaer; Friederike  Wagner-Cremer; Frank P.  Wesselingh; Volkmar  Wolters; Giovanni  Zanchetta; Xiaosen  Zhang; Bernd  Wagner

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb2943

Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem

Thomas Wilke, Torsten Hauffe, Elena Jovanovska, Aleksandra Cvetkoska, Timme Donders, Klemens Ekschmitt, Alexander Francke, Jack H. Lacey, Zlatko Levkov, Charles R. Marshall, Thomas A. Neubauer, Daniele Silvestro, Björn Stelbrink, Hendrik Vogel, Christian Albrecht, Jens Holtvoeth, Sebastian Krastel, Niklas Leicher, Melanie J. Leng, Katja LindhorstAlessia Masi, Nadja Ognjanova-Rumenova, Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos, Jane M. Reed, Laura Sadori, Slavica Tofilovska, Bert Van Bocxlaer, Friederike Wagner-Cremer, Frank P. Wesselingh, Volkmar Wolters, Giovanni Zanchetta, Xiaosen Zhang, Bernd Wagner

SHLS Life Sciences

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Abstract

The scarcity of high-resolution empirical data directly tracking diversity over time limits our understanding of speciation and extinction dynamics and the drivers of rate changes. Here, we analyze a continuous species-level fossil record of endemic diatoms from ancient Lake Ohrid, along with environmental and climate indicator time series since lake formation 1.36 million years (Ma) ago. We show that speciation and extinction rates nearly simultaneously decreased in the environmentally dynamic phase after ecosystem formation and stabilized after deep-water conditions established in Lake Ohrid. As the lake deepens, we also see a switch in the macroevolutionary trade-off, resulting in a transition from a volatile assemblage of short-lived endemic species to a stable community of long-lived species. Our results emphasize the importance of the interplay between environmental/climate change, ecosystem stability, and environmental limits to diversity for diversification processes. The study also provides a new understanding of evolutionary dynamics in long-lived ecosystems.

Original language	English
Article number	eabb2943
Journal	Science advances
Volume	6
Issue number	40
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb2943
Publication status	Published - 30 Sept 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The Hydrobiological Institute in Ohrid (S. Trajanovski and G. Kostoski), the Hydrometeorological Institute in Tirana (M. Sanxhaku and B. Lushaj), and the Faculty of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Tirana (A. Grazhdani) provided logistic support for the scientific drilling campaign. Drilling was carried out by Drilling, Observation, and Sampling of the Earth's Continental Crust (DOSECC). Computational resources were provided by the de.NBI Cloud within the German Network for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (de.NBI). G. L. Simpson contributed to the discussion on the paleoecological time series analyses, and W. Salzburger on evolutionary processes in ancient lakes. The SCOPSCO drilling project was funded by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP; 03-2009), the German Ministry of Higher Education and Research (BMBF; 03G0825A), the German Research Foundation (DFG; WI 1902/8, WI 1902/13 and WA 2109/11, WA 2109/13), the University of Cologne, the British Geological Survey (IP-1579-1115), the Italian Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), the Swiss National Science Foundation (PCEFP3_187012; FN-1749), the Swedish Research Council (2019-04739), and the governments of the republics of North Macedonia and Albania

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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Wilke, T., Hauffe, T., Jovanovska, E., Cvetkoska, A., Donders, T., Ekschmitt, K., Francke, A., Lacey, J. H., Levkov, Z., Marshall, C. R., Neubauer, T. A., Silvestro, D., Stelbrink, B., Vogel, H., Albrecht, C., Holtvoeth, J., Krastel, S., Leicher, N., Leng, M. J., ... Wagner, B. (2020). Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem. Science advances, 6(40), Article eabb2943. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb2943

@article{079378cb1d9845b7b6ba0dd225dec63b,

title = "Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem",

abstract = "The scarcity of high-resolution empirical data directly tracking diversity over time limits our understanding of speciation and extinction dynamics and the drivers of rate changes. Here, we analyze a continuous species-level fossil record of endemic diatoms from ancient Lake Ohrid, along with environmental and climate indicator time series since lake formation 1.36 million years (Ma) ago. We show that speciation and extinction rates nearly simultaneously decreased in the environmentally dynamic phase after ecosystem formation and stabilized after deep-water conditions established in Lake Ohrid. As the lake deepens, we also see a switch in the macroevolutionary trade-off, resulting in a transition from a volatile assemblage of short-lived endemic species to a stable community of long-lived species. Our results emphasize the importance of the interplay between environmental/climate change, ecosystem stability, and environmental limits to diversity for diversification processes. The study also provides a new understanding of evolutionary dynamics in long-lived ecosystems.",

author = "Thomas Wilke and Torsten Hauffe and Elena Jovanovska and Aleksandra Cvetkoska and Timme Donders and Klemens Ekschmitt and Alexander Francke and Lacey, {Jack H.} and Zlatko Levkov and Marshall, {Charles R.} and Neubauer, {Thomas A.} and Daniele Silvestro and Bj{\"o}rn Stelbrink and Hendrik Vogel and Christian Albrecht and Jens Holtvoeth and Sebastian Krastel and Niklas Leicher and Leng, {Melanie J.} and Katja Lindhorst and Alessia Masi and Nadja Ognjanova-Rumenova and Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos and Reed, {Jane M.} and Laura Sadori and Slavica Tofilovska and Bocxlaer, {Bert Van} and Friederike Wagner-Cremer and Wesselingh, {Frank P.} and Volkmar Wolters and Giovanni Zanchetta and Xiaosen Zhang and Bernd Wagner",

note = "Funding Information: The Hydrobiological Institute in Ohrid (S. Trajanovski and G. Kostoski), the Hydrometeorological Institute in Tirana (M. Sanxhaku and B. Lushaj), and the Faculty of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Tirana (A. Grazhdani) provided logistic support for the scientific drilling campaign. Drilling was carried out by Drilling, Observation, and Sampling of the Earth's Continental Crust (DOSECC). Computational resources were provided by the de.NBI Cloud within the German Network for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (de.NBI). G. L. Simpson contributed to the discussion on the paleoecological time series analyses, and W. Salzburger on evolutionary processes in ancient lakes. The SCOPSCO drilling project was funded by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP; 03-2009), the German Ministry of Higher Education and Research (BMBF; 03G0825A), the German Research Foundation (DFG; WI 1902/8, WI 1902/13 and WA 2109/11, WA 2109/13), the University of Cologne, the British Geological Survey (IP-1579-1115), the Italian Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), the Swiss National Science Foundation (PCEFP3_187012; FN-1749), the Swedish Research Council (2019-04739), and the governments of the republics of North Macedonia and Albania Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

year = "2020",

month = sep,

day = "30",

doi = "10.1126/sciadv.abb2943",

language = "English",

volume = "6",

journal = "Science advances",

issn = "2375-2548",

publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",

number = "40",

}

Wilke, T, Hauffe, T, Jovanovska, E, Cvetkoska, A, Donders, T, Ekschmitt, K, Francke, A, Lacey, JH, Levkov, Z, Marshall, CR, Neubauer, TA, Silvestro, D, Stelbrink, B, Vogel, H, Albrecht, C, Holtvoeth, J, Krastel, S, Leicher, N, Leng, MJ, Lindhorst, K, Masi, A, Ognjanova-Rumenova, N, Panagiotopoulos, K, Reed, JM, Sadori, L, Tofilovska, S, Bocxlaer, BV, Wagner-Cremer, F, Wesselingh, FP, Wolters, V, Zanchetta, G, Zhang, X & Wagner, B 2020, 'Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem', Science advances, vol. 6, no. 40, eabb2943. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb2943

TY - JOUR

T1 - Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem

AU - Wilke, Thomas

AU - Hauffe, Torsten

AU - Jovanovska, Elena

AU - Cvetkoska, Aleksandra

AU - Donders, Timme

AU - Ekschmitt, Klemens

AU - Francke, Alexander

AU - Lacey, Jack H.

AU - Levkov, Zlatko

AU - Marshall, Charles R.

AU - Neubauer, Thomas A.

AU - Silvestro, Daniele

AU - Stelbrink, Björn

AU - Vogel, Hendrik

AU - Albrecht, Christian

AU - Holtvoeth, Jens

AU - Krastel, Sebastian

AU - Leicher, Niklas

AU - Leng, Melanie J.

AU - Lindhorst, Katja

AU - Masi, Alessia

AU - Ognjanova-Rumenova, Nadja

AU - Panagiotopoulos, Konstantinos

AU - Reed, Jane M.

AU - Sadori, Laura

AU - Tofilovska, Slavica

AU - Bocxlaer, Bert Van

AU - Wagner-Cremer, Friederike

AU - Wesselingh, Frank P.

AU - Wolters, Volkmar

AU - Zanchetta, Giovanni

AU - Zhang, Xiaosen

AU - Wagner, Bernd

N1 - Funding Information: The Hydrobiological Institute in Ohrid (S. Trajanovski and G. Kostoski), the Hydrometeorological Institute in Tirana (M. Sanxhaku and B. Lushaj), and the Faculty of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Tirana (A. Grazhdani) provided logistic support for the scientific drilling campaign. Drilling was carried out by Drilling, Observation, and Sampling of the Earth's Continental Crust (DOSECC). Computational resources were provided by the de.NBI Cloud within the German Network for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (de.NBI). G. L. Simpson contributed to the discussion on the paleoecological time series analyses, and W. Salzburger on evolutionary processes in ancient lakes. The SCOPSCO drilling project was funded by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP; 03-2009), the German Ministry of Higher Education and Research (BMBF; 03G0825A), the German Research Foundation (DFG; WI 1902/8, WI 1902/13 and WA 2109/11, WA 2109/13), the University of Cologne, the British Geological Survey (IP-1579-1115), the Italian Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), the Swiss National Science Foundation (PCEFP3_187012; FN-1749), the Swedish Research Council (2019-04739), and the governments of the republics of North Macedonia and Albania Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2020/9/30

Y1 - 2020/9/30

N2 - The scarcity of high-resolution empirical data directly tracking diversity over time limits our understanding of speciation and extinction dynamics and the drivers of rate changes. Here, we analyze a continuous species-level fossil record of endemic diatoms from ancient Lake Ohrid, along with environmental and climate indicator time series since lake formation 1.36 million years (Ma) ago. We show that speciation and extinction rates nearly simultaneously decreased in the environmentally dynamic phase after ecosystem formation and stabilized after deep-water conditions established in Lake Ohrid. As the lake deepens, we also see a switch in the macroevolutionary trade-off, resulting in a transition from a volatile assemblage of short-lived endemic species to a stable community of long-lived species. Our results emphasize the importance of the interplay between environmental/climate change, ecosystem stability, and environmental limits to diversity for diversification processes. The study also provides a new understanding of evolutionary dynamics in long-lived ecosystems.

AB - The scarcity of high-resolution empirical data directly tracking diversity over time limits our understanding of speciation and extinction dynamics and the drivers of rate changes. Here, we analyze a continuous species-level fossil record of endemic diatoms from ancient Lake Ohrid, along with environmental and climate indicator time series since lake formation 1.36 million years (Ma) ago. We show that speciation and extinction rates nearly simultaneously decreased in the environmentally dynamic phase after ecosystem formation and stabilized after deep-water conditions established in Lake Ohrid. As the lake deepens, we also see a switch in the macroevolutionary trade-off, resulting in a transition from a volatile assemblage of short-lived endemic species to a stable community of long-lived species. Our results emphasize the importance of the interplay between environmental/climate change, ecosystem stability, and environmental limits to diversity for diversification processes. The study also provides a new understanding of evolutionary dynamics in long-lived ecosystems.

UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb2943

U2 - 10.1126/sciadv.abb2943

DO - 10.1126/sciadv.abb2943

M3 - Article

C2 - 32998898

SN - 2375-2548

VL - 6

JO - Science advances

JF - Science advances

IS - 40

M1 - eabb2943

ER -

Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem

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