Examining Approaches to Investigating the United Kingdom`s Existing Building Fabric in the Pursuit of Net Zero Targets

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the potential of existing buildings in the UK to contribute to the net-zero emissions target. Specifically, it aims to address the significant emissions from building fabrics which pose a threat to achieving these targets if not properly addressed.

Approach: The study, based on a literature review and ten (10) case studies, explored five investigative approaches for evaluating building fabric: thermal imaging, in-situ U-value testing, airtightness testing, energy assessment, and condensation risk analysis. Furthermore, cross-case analysis was used to evaluate both case studies in each approach. These methodologies were pivotal in assessing the existing condition of buildings and their energy consumption and contributing to the UKs net-zero ambitions.

Findings: Findings reveal that the incorporation of the aforementioned approaches into the building fabric showed great benefits such as, significant temperature regulation issues were identified, energy consumption decreased by 15% after improvements, poor insulation and workmanship quality affected U-values of buildings. Implementing retrofits such as solar panels, air vents, insulation, heat recovery, and air-sourced heat pumps significantly improved thermal performance while reducing energy consumption. Pulse technology proved effective in measuring airtightness, even in extremely airtight houses, and high airflow and moisture management were essential in preserving historic building fabric.

Originality: The research stresses the need to understand the strengths, limitations, and synergies of investigative approaches for cost-effective energy performance strategies. It emphasizes the urgency of eliminating carbon dioxide (CO2) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to combat global warming and meet the 1.5°C threshold.