From hype to reality: a systematic literature review of blockchain’s role in sustainable supply chain management

Purpose: This study aims to explore the key impacts of blockchain technology on building sustainable supply chains. It examines both the potential benefits and drawbacks associated with these emerging applications. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted a systematic review of research published between 2018 and 2023 on blockchain’s role in sustainable supply chains. The review considered the social, economic and environmental aspects of sustainability. Following a two-stage process, the authors identified 266 relevant articles from Scopus and Web of Science databases using the PRISMA framework and strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. These articles were then analyzed through scientometric analysis, literature mapping and synthesis techniques. In addition, text mapping with author keywords within the R software package was used to identify key themes. Findings: The findings suggest that blockchain technology can significantly improve supply chains in several ways. It can enhance traceability, transparency and scalability, leading to greater economic efficiency and social inclusion. In addition, it can contribute to reducing the environmental impact of supply chains. However, challenges remain. Blockchain technology has been criticized for its high energy consumption and potential for e-waste generation. The review also highlights the need for standardization and integration to facilitate wider adoption by businesses. Originality/value: This research uses an evidence-based approach and offers a comprehensive and transparent synthesis of existing literature. It analyzes the effects of blockchain technology across the three key dimensions of sustainable supply chains: economic, social and environmental.