House of Lords: Joint Enterprise: Foresight of Associate's Actions: R v Rahman; Akram; Amin; Ali [2008] UKHL 45

The four appellants (hereafter referred to as R) were convicted of the
murder of Tyrone Clarke (V) at Leeds Crown Court on 4 March 2005.
They had been a part of a group of individuals who had chased and
attacked V and others with a variety of weapons which included metal
bars and at least one knife. In the course of the attack, V sustained three
stab wounds, the evidence suggesting that the first two wounds were
probably caused by the same knife using similar movements and that it
was possible that one knife had been used to inflict all three wounds.
One of the wounds penetrated to a depth of 8 cm, requiring severe force
and causing ‘massive haemorrhage, rapid collapse, rapid unconsciousness and death’ (at [3]). This was stated to be the principal injury of
the deceased and one from which he stood no chance of survival. One
of the other wounds was also stated to be a potentially fatal wound
whilst the third was to the soft tissue in his left shoulder. It was not
alleged that any of the appellants had inflicted the fatal injuries; they
were convicted for their part in the joint enterprise that had led to the
murder of V.