Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging and Discharging with Renewable Energy Sources in a Modified IEEE 14 Bus System

At the COP26 summit, the world's foremost climate leader, the United Kingdom, announced its plans to reduce emissions by 68% by 2030 and reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. To achieve these targets, the country is increasing the use of renewable energy sources and reducing energy waste. The increasing number of EVs both advantages and challenges to the electrical infrastructure. During peak charging times, the grid may experience stress from the increasing number of electric vehicles on the road. One potential solution is vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, which would enable electric vehicles to send their surplus energy back into the grid during times of peak demand, thereby lowering energy costs, improving grid reliability, and avoiding expensive infrastructure modifications. The goal of this research is to analyse the impact on power consumption in the United Kingdom of various charging techniques for electric vehicles at different degrees of penetration. Active power control (peak shaving, valley filling), reactive power compensation, and uncontrolled controlled charging are compared. Both controlled and uncontrolled V2G charging in private households are explored as applications to learn more about the benefits of V2G charging. Cutting-edge technology, such as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) development and battery energy storage, will be essential if the United Kingdom is to achieve its goal of net-zero emissions by 2050.