Integrating BIM Dimensions with Digital Fabrication and Modular Construction: Towards a Data-Driven Approach to 3D Printing in Building Design and Delivery

As the UK construction sector advances towards digitisation, sustainability, and industrialisation, the integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM) with digital fabrication technologies has emerged as a strategic enabler of transformation. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that connects multidimensional BIM (from 3 to 10D) with digital fabrication workflows, particularly in modular construction and 3D printing contexts. Through an in-depth literature synthesis and policy alignment, the study maps how BIM dimensions support automation, cost planning, sustainability analysis, safety management, and industrialised delivery. It also identifies technical and organisational barriers including software interoperability, digital skills shortages, and limitations in fabrication-ready data standards. The proposed framework emphasises the role of parametric modelling environments (e.g. Dynamo, Grasshopper) and API-based integration in enabling data-driven, just-in-time production across the building lifecycle. Although conceptual in scope, this research establishes a foundation for future empirical validation, offering a roadmap for advancing mass customisation, performance-based delivery, and sustainable construction outcomes in the UK.