Making laboratory measurements on a chip

The perspective on the development of nano and microsystems for chemical and biological measurements is presented. The use of nano and microfabrication approaches allows to create miniaturized analytical devices that are inherently smaller, have lower power consumption, give lower cost of analysis, are more reproducible and can be produced in high volumes. The behavior of fluids in microchannels is different from that under macro conditions and the channel depth or channel diameter determines the Reynolds number. The force is mechanically driven by a pump, pressure driven, centrifugal or electrically driven by a potential difference, electro-osmotic flow. Numerical simulations provide an understanding of the chemical and physical processes that take place in microfludic devices and are used in their design. The microfluidic devices are mainly used in application of proteomics analysis, interrogating cells, electrophoresis analysis, and microbiological diagnostic analysis.