Molecular characterization in the toll-like receptor 9 gene of Cape Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra zebra) from three populations

Rae M. Smith; Antoinette Kotzé; J. Paul Grobler; Desiré L. Dalton

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104118

Molecular characterization in the toll-like receptor 9 gene of Cape Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra zebra) from three populations

Rae M. Smith, Antoinette Kotzé, J. Paul Grobler, Desiré L. Dalton

SHLS Life Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a family of proteins that signal activation of the innate immune response through the recognition of a variety of pathogen molecular compounds. Here, we characterized the complete TLR9 gene in Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) from three populations in South Africa and compared sequences to a variety of horse and donkey breeds. Overall, we identified six single nucleotide polymorpHisms (SNPs). A single SNP (G586S) was non-synonymous, whereas the remaining SNPs were synonymous. The G586S alteration was detected in Cape mountain zebra populations with varying frequency. In addition, adaptive diversity was found to be discordant with variation based on neutral markers. The mutation is unique to the Cape mountain zebra when compared to other equid species. The structure of TLR9 is relatively conserved and the resulting amino acid substitution was found to have minimal interaction with active sites in the protein. Future studies can explore the effects of this potentially functional mutation which will contribute to our understanding of genetic diversity within adaptive sites of the Cape mountain zebra genome.

Original language	English
Article number	104118
Journal	Infection, Genetics and Evolution
Volume	78
Early online date	14 Nov 2019
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104118
Publication status	Published - 20 Nov 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank the National Research Foundation of South Africa (NRF) as well as SANBI for their funding and support throughout the duration of this study. Rae M. Smith was supported as a doctoral candidate under the Postgraduate Development Programme of the NRF (grant no. UID118734). We would also like to thank CapeNature, SanParks and Sanbona Nature Reserve for their role in the collection of the samples.

Funding Information:
We thank the National Research Foundation of South Africa (NRF) as well as SANBI for their funding and support throughout the duration of this study. Rae M. Smith was supported as a doctoral candidate under the Postgraduate Development Programme of the NRF (grant no. UID118734 ). We would also like to thank CapeNature, SanParks and Sanbona Nature Reserve for their role in the collection of the samples.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier B.V.

Access to Document

10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104118Licence: Unspecified

Cite this

@article{e23a366aa5714e6183d18f5e65fdfd80,

title = "Molecular characterization in the toll-like receptor 9 gene of Cape Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra zebra) from three populations",

abstract = "Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a family of proteins that signal activation of the innate immune response through the recognition of a variety of pathogen molecular compounds. Here, we characterized the complete TLR9 gene in Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) from three populations in South Africa and compared sequences to a variety of horse and donkey breeds. Overall, we identified six single nucleotide polymorpHisms (SNPs). A single SNP (G586S) was non-synonymous, whereas the remaining SNPs were synonymous. The G586S alteration was detected in Cape mountain zebra populations with varying frequency. In addition, adaptive diversity was found to be discordant with variation based on neutral markers. The mutation is unique to the Cape mountain zebra when compared to other equid species. The structure of TLR9 is relatively conserved and the resulting amino acid substitution was found to have minimal interaction with active sites in the protein. Future studies can explore the effects of this potentially functional mutation which will contribute to our understanding of genetic diversity within adaptive sites of the Cape mountain zebra genome.",

author = "Smith, {Rae M.} and Antoinette Kotz{\'e} and Grobler, {J. Paul} and Dalton, {Desir{\'e} L.}",

note = "Funding Information: We thank the National Research Foundation of South Africa (NRF) as well as SANBI for their funding and support throughout the duration of this study. Rae M. Smith was supported as a doctoral candidate under the Postgraduate Development Programme of the NRF (grant no. UID118734). We would also like to thank CapeNature, SanParks and Sanbona Nature Reserve for their role in the collection of the samples. Funding Information: We thank the National Research Foundation of South Africa (NRF) as well as SANBI for their funding and support throughout the duration of this study. Rae M. Smith was supported as a doctoral candidate under the Postgraduate Development Programme of the NRF (grant no. UID118734 ). We would also like to thank CapeNature, SanParks and Sanbona Nature Reserve for their role in the collection of the samples. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2019",

month = nov,

day = "20",

doi = "10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104118",

language = "English",

volume = "78",

journal = "Infection, Genetics and Evolution",

issn = "1567-1348",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Molecular characterization in the toll-like receptor 9 gene of Cape Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra zebra) from three populations

AU - Smith, Rae M.

AU - Kotzé, Antoinette

AU - Grobler, J. Paul

AU - Dalton, Desiré L.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank the National Research Foundation of South Africa (NRF) as well as SANBI for their funding and support throughout the duration of this study. Rae M. Smith was supported as a doctoral candidate under the Postgraduate Development Programme of the NRF (grant no. UID118734). We would also like to thank CapeNature, SanParks and Sanbona Nature Reserve for their role in the collection of the samples. Funding Information: We thank the National Research Foundation of South Africa (NRF) as well as SANBI for their funding and support throughout the duration of this study. Rae M. Smith was supported as a doctoral candidate under the Postgraduate Development Programme of the NRF (grant no. UID118734 ). We would also like to thank CapeNature, SanParks and Sanbona Nature Reserve for their role in the collection of the samples. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2019/11/20

Y1 - 2019/11/20

N2 - Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a family of proteins that signal activation of the innate immune response through the recognition of a variety of pathogen molecular compounds. Here, we characterized the complete TLR9 gene in Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) from three populations in South Africa and compared sequences to a variety of horse and donkey breeds. Overall, we identified six single nucleotide polymorpHisms (SNPs). A single SNP (G586S) was non-synonymous, whereas the remaining SNPs were synonymous. The G586S alteration was detected in Cape mountain zebra populations with varying frequency. In addition, adaptive diversity was found to be discordant with variation based on neutral markers. The mutation is unique to the Cape mountain zebra when compared to other equid species. The structure of TLR9 is relatively conserved and the resulting amino acid substitution was found to have minimal interaction with active sites in the protein. Future studies can explore the effects of this potentially functional mutation which will contribute to our understanding of genetic diversity within adaptive sites of the Cape mountain zebra genome.

AB - Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a family of proteins that signal activation of the innate immune response through the recognition of a variety of pathogen molecular compounds. Here, we characterized the complete TLR9 gene in Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) from three populations in South Africa and compared sequences to a variety of horse and donkey breeds. Overall, we identified six single nucleotide polymorpHisms (SNPs). A single SNP (G586S) was non-synonymous, whereas the remaining SNPs were synonymous. The G586S alteration was detected in Cape mountain zebra populations with varying frequency. In addition, adaptive diversity was found to be discordant with variation based on neutral markers. The mutation is unique to the Cape mountain zebra when compared to other equid species. The structure of TLR9 is relatively conserved and the resulting amino acid substitution was found to have minimal interaction with active sites in the protein. Future studies can explore the effects of this potentially functional mutation which will contribute to our understanding of genetic diversity within adaptive sites of the Cape mountain zebra genome.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85075115708&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104118

DO - 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104118

M3 - Article

C2 - 31734289

AN - SCOPUS:85075115708

SN - 1567-1348

VL - 78

JO - Infection, Genetics and Evolution

JF - Infection, Genetics and Evolution

M1 - 104118

ER -

Molecular characterization in the toll-like receptor 9 gene of Cape Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra zebra) from three populations

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this