TY - JOUR
T1 - Natural fracture characterization and in situ stress orientation analysis using Fullbore Formation Micro Imager (FMI)
T2 - a case study on the X oil filed, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
AU - Mahmood , Barham S.
AU - Khoshnaw, Farhad A
AU - Abdalqadir, Mardin
AU - Rezaei Gomari, Sina
PY - 2023/1/21
Y1 - 2023/1/21
N2 - In carbonate reservoirs, fracture evaluation is essential because of the significant effect that fractures have on reservoir permeability. Evaluation of reservoir fracture characteristics is necessary to maximize oil production. Fullbore Forma- tion Micro Imager (FMI) is believed to be the most effective method for achieving this objective. The goal of this study is to employ FMI from the well M-120 over the interval 1561.5–2392 m, which includes the Shiranish, Kometan, Dokan, Upper Qamchuqa, Nahr Umr, Shoaiba, Najmah, and Alan Formations in the northern Kirkuk field, SW Erbil. The FMI data were processed and assessed. Different types of natural structures, including fractures (conductive, dis-conductive, resistive) and bedding planes, were found through this assessment. Different fracture sets with various orientations to the anticline axis were provided through data analysis. The structural dip was determined with the aid of all identified bed contacts. The mean dip magnitude is 6.10°, and the dip azimuth is 54.1° toward the NE. The structural dip analysis also identified four unique structural zones. At a depth of 1727 m, the highest structural dip is seen, which might be related to a fault. The total number of fractures encountered falls into three categories: dis-conductive, conductive, and resistive fractures. The majority of normal fractures are dis-conductive fractures. However, some cases also interpret conductive and resistive fractures on FMI images. Furthermore, data analysis demonstrates that the secondary porosity was formed at 1794.5–1798 m in the Dokan Formation and 1840.5–1843.5 m in the Upper Qamchuqa Formation. In the processed interval, drilling-induced fractures and borehole breakouts appeared. Breakouts develop in the NW–SE direction, while induced fractures develop in the NE-SW direction.
AB - In carbonate reservoirs, fracture evaluation is essential because of the significant effect that fractures have on reservoir permeability. Evaluation of reservoir fracture characteristics is necessary to maximize oil production. Fullbore Forma- tion Micro Imager (FMI) is believed to be the most effective method for achieving this objective. The goal of this study is to employ FMI from the well M-120 over the interval 1561.5–2392 m, which includes the Shiranish, Kometan, Dokan, Upper Qamchuqa, Nahr Umr, Shoaiba, Najmah, and Alan Formations in the northern Kirkuk field, SW Erbil. The FMI data were processed and assessed. Different types of natural structures, including fractures (conductive, dis-conductive, resistive) and bedding planes, were found through this assessment. Different fracture sets with various orientations to the anticline axis were provided through data analysis. The structural dip was determined with the aid of all identified bed contacts. The mean dip magnitude is 6.10°, and the dip azimuth is 54.1° toward the NE. The structural dip analysis also identified four unique structural zones. At a depth of 1727 m, the highest structural dip is seen, which might be related to a fault. The total number of fractures encountered falls into three categories: dis-conductive, conductive, and resistive fractures. The majority of normal fractures are dis-conductive fractures. However, some cases also interpret conductive and resistive fractures on FMI images. Furthermore, data analysis demonstrates that the secondary porosity was formed at 1794.5–1798 m in the Dokan Formation and 1840.5–1843.5 m in the Upper Qamchuqa Formation. In the processed interval, drilling-induced fractures and borehole breakouts appeared. Breakouts develop in the NW–SE direction, while induced fractures develop in the NE-SW direction.
U2 - 10.1007/s12517-023-11178-7
DO - 10.1007/s12517-023-11178-7
M3 - Article
SN - 1866-7511
VL - 16
JO - Arabian Journal of Geosciences
JF - Arabian Journal of Geosciences
IS - 2
M1 - 113
ER -