Shareholdership, stakeholdership and the modern global business environment: A survey of the literature

This paper surveys literature relating to the Anglo-American model (shareholder theory) and stakeholder theory of corporate governance in the modern global business environment. Stakeholder theory emerged during the 1970-80s and suggested that corporations should look beyond the shareholder perspective of profit maximisation. Through a survey of the literature we examine why the traditional Anglo-American model of corporate governance had difficulties when dealing with certain unethical business practices of corporate boards. Overall, this study investigates whether an application of deontological and teleological ethical theories may illustrate how boards of directors could manage stakeholder issues and deal with problematic moral dilemmas and ethical decisions.