The combined effects of questioning technique and interviewer manner on false confessions

While it is known that interrogation tactics can elicit false confessions and interviewer
manner may determine the outcome of an interview, the combined effects of questioning
technique and interviewer manner on false confessions has not been examined empirically.
Following a false accusation of theft, participants were interviewed in one of four questioning
conditions (minimisation, repetitive questioning, leading questions and non-leading
questions) in which interviewers adopted a stern or friendly manner. Perceptions of pressure
to confess and interviewer behaviours were measured. Significantly more false confessions
were elicited using non-leading questions rather than repetitive questioning. More false
confessions were elicited in the friendly interviewer condition than in the stern interviewer
condition. Neither interviewer manner nor questioning technique had a significant effect on
subjective ratings of pressure to confess. The finding that false confessions may be elicited in
the absence of coercive tactics may have implications for informing best practices in
investigative interviewing